Written from a Native American perspective, Dr. Tom’s PhD dissertation, Hip-Hop Culture, Community, and Education: Post-Colonial Learning? reaches across different historical legacies to exhibit how, even within ‘post-colonial’ Europe, the colonial question continuously produces silences that preserve inequalities by affirming the cultural legitimacy of one particular knowledge over an ‘Other’s.’ Her study includes the production of hip-hop culture/rap music by Black Portuguese youth of Cape Verdean descent in Lisbon, Portugal and a multimedia project developed by an Indigenous hip-hop artist for urban Native American youth in San Francisco, California. Her work seeks to include the perspectives of youth and young adults in analyzing race, place, belonging, and citizenship. Following the conclusion of her degree, Dr. Tom has continued her research while a visiting scholar at the University of Córdoba, Spain. She is currently expanding her doctoral research to include education and ethnicity among/with members of Romani communities (gitanos) Andalucía, Spain.